Friday 22 March 2013

Cessna 208 Caravan


Cessna 208
The Cessna 208 Caravan is a single turboprop engine, fixed-gear short-haul regional airliner and utility aircraft that is built in the United States by Cessna. The airplane typically seats nine passengers with a single pilot, although with a FAR Part 23 waiver it can seat up to fourteen passengers. The aircraft is also used for cargo feederliner operations.



#Design and development
The prototype first flew in December 1982. The production model was certified by the FAA in October 1984. Since then, the Caravan has undergone a number of design evolutions. Working with FedEx, Cessna produced first the Cargomaster, and followed that with the stretched and upgraded Super Cargomaster. The passenger model, the Grand Caravan, was derived from the Super Cargomaster. In January 2013 a higher-powered (867 shp from P&WC PT6A-140) version, the Grand Caravan EX, received FAA certification. This higher-powered version will be produced by a Cessna-GAIGA joint venture in China.
Cessna offers the 208B in many configurations. The basic 208 airframe can be outfitted with various types of landing gear, allowing it to operate in a wide variety of environments. Some common adaptations include skis, enlarged tires for unprepared runways, and floats on the Caravan Amphibian model.
The Caravan interior can be outfitted with seats or cargo holds. The standard high-density airline configuration features four rows of 1-2 seating behind the two seats in the cockpit. This variant is capable of holding up to thirteen passengers, although it is marketed as being able to make a profit carrying just four. The cabin can be configured in a low density passenger configuration, with 1-1 seating, as a combination of passengers and cargo, or as a strictly cargo aircraft. Many variants include an under-belly cargo pod, which can be used for additional freight capacity, or for passenger baggage. A number of Caravans are operated as skydiving aircraft with the left-side cargo hatch converted to a roll-up door.
On April 28, 2008, Cessna announced that the Garmin G1000 glass cockpit will be standard equipment on all new Caravans.
In May 2012 Cessna announced that an assembly line for the 208 would be established in the People's Republic of China. The government-owned China Aviation Industry 
General Aircraft Company (CAIGA via China Aviation Industry Corporation II) will conduct final assembly of Caravans at its plant in Shijiazhuang for the Chinese market.




#Variants
1)Civilian
208A Caravan I
The basic introductory model, outfitted for passenger operation.
208A Caravan 675
The current production model of the basic Caravan, with higher-powered PT6A-114A engine.
208A Cargomaster
Developed with FedEx, a pure cargo version of the Caravan. Fedex purchased 40 of this model.
208B Grand Caravan
A 4 feet (1.2 m) stretch of the Caravan I. The 208B features a more powerful PT6A-114A engine.
208B Grand Caravan EX
Model certified in January 2013 powered by a 867 hp (647 kW) Pratt and Whitney Canada PT6A-140 that improves climb by 38%. The model is aimed at float operators and will compete with aftermarket conversions. 
208B Super Cargomaster
The cargo variant of the 208B series. FedEx purchased 260 of this model.
Caravan Amphibian
A 208A Caravan with Wipaire 8000 floats in place of the landing gear, for water landings or land operations. 
Soloy Pathfinder 21
 A twin engine stretch of the 208 that was developed by the Soloy Corporation. This aircraft features two PT6D-114A engines driving a single propeller, and a 70-inch (1,800 mm) fuselage stretch behind the wing. 
850 Caravan
208A with a 1,000 hp Honeywell TPE331-12JR-701S engine, installed by Aero Twin Inc. 
950 Grand Caravan
208B with a 1,000 hp Honeywell TPE331-12JR-704AT engine, installed by Aero Twin Inc. 
Supervan 900
208B with a 1,000 hp (900 hp flat-rated) Honeywell TPE331-12JR engine, installed by Texas Turbine 
XP42A Upgrade
208B with an 850 hp Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42A engine, installed by Blackhawk 
2)Military
U-27A
A military offering of the 208A.
C-98
The Brazilian Air Force designation for the standard U-27.
C-16
The proposed United States Army designation.
AC-208 "Combat Caravan"
An ISR version built by ATK armed with Hellfire missiles currently being marketed to the Lebanese and Iraqi air forces. 



#Operators
Civil operators
The Cessna 208 is used by governmental organisations and by a large number of companies for police, air ambulance, passenger transport, air charter, freight and parachuting operations. Fedex Feeder is the largest operator of the Cessna 208, with over 250 aircraft.
*Afghanistan
Afghan Air Force - 18 delivered as of late October 2012 with 8 more on order.
*Bahamas
Royal Bahamas Defence Force
*Bangladesh
Bangladesh Army
*Brazil
A Brazilian Air Force Caravan
Brazilian Air Force - Operates 30 as of December 2012.
*Chile
Chilean Army
*Colombia
Colombian Air Force - Operates 17 as of December 2012.
Colombian Army
Colombian Navy
*Djibouti
Djibouti Air Force
* Iraq
Iraqi Air Force
* Jordan
Royal Jordanian Air Force- 5 Cessna 208 Recce
* Lebanon
Lebanese Air Force - 1 aircraft in active service, 2 to be delivered
* Liberia
Liberian Army bought two Caravans in 1986, one of which crashed in 1987. The other one was destroyed in the First Liberian Civil War.
 *South Africa
South African Air Force
* United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates Air Forceu
* United States
United States Air Force operates at least two U-27A Caravans (96-6047 and 96-6048)
United States Army






#Specifications 
General characteristics
    Crew: one
    Capacity: nine passengers or 14 with FAR Part 23 waiver
    Length: 41 ft 7 in (12.67 m)
    Wingspan: 52 ft 1 in (15.88 m)
    Height: 15 ft 5 in (4.70 m)
    Wing area: 279 sq ft (25.9 m)
    Aspect ratio: 9.72
    Empty weight: 4,570 lb (2,073 kg) (weight of typically equipped unit is 2127kg/4690 lb)
    Gross weight: 8,750 lb (3,969 kg) (maximum landing weight is 3856 kg/8500 lb.)
    Fuel capacity: 332 gallon/2224 lb
    Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney PT6A-114A turboprop, 677 hp (505 kW)
    Propellers: 3-bladed Hartzell variable pitch
Performance
   Cruise speed: 197 mph (171 kn; 317 km/h)
    Range: 1,240 mi (1,078 nmi; 1,996 km) with max fuel and reserves
    Rate of climb: 770 ft/min (3.9 m/s)
    Wing loading: 31.36 lb/sq ft (153.1 kg/m²)


Regards,


Monika Singh [B.Tech ]
Web Developer / Blog Master


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