Embraer ERJ

ERJ

The Embraer ERJ 145 family is a series of regional jets produced by Embraer, a Brazilian aerospace company. Family members include the ERJ 135 (37 passengers), ERJ 140 (44 passengers), and ERJ 145 (50 passengers), as well as the Legacy business jet and the R-99 family of military aircraft. The ERJ 145 is the largest of the group. Each jet in the series is powered by two turbofan engines. The family's primary competition comes from the Bombardier CRJ regional jets.

Development

Early design
The ERJ 145 was launched at the Paris Airshow in 1989 as a stretched and turbofan-powered modification of the EMB 120 Brasilia. Key components of this design included:
Straight wing (with winglets)
Rear Fuselage-mounted engines
Range of 2500 km
75% parts commonality with the EMB 120.
Interim design

Flight deck of an ERJ 135


Embraer ERJ 145 of BMI in planform view


Embraer ERJ 145XR wing with winglet detail
By 1990, Embraer engineers found that results from wind-tunnel testing were less than satisfactory, and began considering a significantly different design from the EMB 120. The proposed modified design included a slightly (22.3°) swept wing with winglets, as well as engines mounted in underwing nacelles. This second design showed markedly better aerodynamic performance, but the combination of swept wings and wing-mounted engines required an unusually high (and therefore heavy) undercarriage.[2]
Production design
The design evolved until late 1991, at which time it was frozen. Though the aircraft went through many alterations before it was finalized, it did retain a few of the original influences of the EMB 120 such as the three abreast seating (2+1) configuration which was a similar configuration used for the Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector design which never reached production. The key features of the production design included:
Rear fuselage-mounted engines
Swept wings (no winglets)
"T"-tail configuration
Range of 2500 km
The first design was intended to retain as much commonality as possible with the EMB 120. However, the aircraft has sold well thus overcoming the initial setbacks. Embraer delivered 892 units of all variants through 2006, and predicted that another 102 units would be delivered in the 2007-2016 time period.[3]
Derivatives
The ERJ 140 is based on the ERJ 145 with 96% parts commonality and the same crew type rating. The only significant changes are a shorter fuselage, a slightly derated engine and an increased range. At launch, Embraer estimated the cost of an ERJ 140 to be approximately US$15.2 million. The estimated cost of development of the ERJ 140 was US$45 million. The ERJ 135, with a service entry date of 1999, has 95% parts commonality with the ERJ 145, but is 11.7 feet (3.6 m) shorter.
The ERJ 145 seats 50 passengers, the ERJ 140 seats 44, and the ERJ 135 seats 37. The ERJ 140 was designed with fewer seats in order to meet the needs of some major United States airlines, which have an agreement with the pilots' union as to the number of 50-seat aircraft that can be operated in their mixed fleets. The Major airline agreed with their pilots' union to limit the number of jets flown by their affiliates. One of the limits was a restriction of the number of planes with 45 seats or more.
In 2003, Embraer entered a partnership with the Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation of Harbin, China. The resulting company, Harbin Embraer, began producing the ERJ 145 for the Chinese market by assembling complete knock down kits premanufactured by other worldwide Embraer operations.
Operations

The first flight of the ERJ 145 was on August 11, 1995, with the first delivery in December 1996 to ExpressJet Airlines (then the regional division of Continental Airlines). ExpressJet is the largest operator of the ERJ 145, with 270 of the nearly 1000 ERJ 145s in service. The second largest operator is American Eagle, with 206 ERJ 145 aircraft. Chautauqua Airlines also operates 95 ERJ 145s through its alliances with American Connection, Delta Connection, US Airways Express, and United Express.
By some accounts, the ERJ 145 has a cost of ownership of about $2,500,000 per year.
In March 2007 ExpressJet entered into a short-term agreement to operate some regional routes for JetBlue Airways using its ERJ 145 aircraft.
The ERJ 140 was introduced in September 1999, first flew on June 27, 2000 and entered commercial service in July 2001. American Eagle Airlines, the regional jet subsidiary of American Airlines, operates the majority of the ERJ 140s built, including the first to be delivered, N800AE. Chautauqua Airlines also operate the ERJ 140.
As of early 2005, 74 ERJ 140s had been delivered.
This version is marketed as ERJ 140, but on the company's internal documents and on Federal Aviation Administration certification, the version is designated EMB 135KL.
[edit]Variants

Civilian models

City Airline Embraer ERJ 135.


Embraer ERJ 145 of the Brazilian Federal Police.
ERJ 135ER - Extended range, although this is the Baseline 135 model. Simple shrink of the ERJ 145, seating thirteen fewer passengers, for a total of 37 passengers.
ERJ 135LR - Long Range - increased fuel capacity and upgraded engines.
ERJ 140ER - Simple shrink of the ERJ 145, seating six fewer passengers, for a total of 44 passengers.
ERJ 140LR - Long Range (increased fuel capacity (5187 kg) and upgraded engines.
ERJ 145STD - The baseline original, seating for a total of 50 passengers.
ERJ 145EU - Model for European market. Same fuel capacity as 145STD (4174 kg) but an increased MTOW[4] 19990 kg
ERJ 145ER - Extended Range, although this is the Baseline 145 model.
ERJ 145EP - Same fuel capacity as 145ER (4174 kg) but an increased MTOW 20990 kg.
ERJ 145LR - Long Range - increased fuel capacity (5187 kg) and upgraded engines.
ERJ 145LU - Same fuel capacity as 145LR (5187 kg) but an increased MTOW 21990 kg.
ERJ 145MK - Same fuel capacity (4174 kg), landing weight (MLW) and MTOW as in the 145STD, but a changed MZFW[5] (17700 kg).
ERJ 145XR - Extra-long Range (numerous aerodynamic improvements, including winglets, strakes, etc. for lower cruise-configuration drag, a ventral fuel tank (aft location) in addition to the two main larger capacity wing tanks (same tanks as in the LR models), increased weight capacity, higher top speed and more powerful engines.
Legacy 600 - Business jet variant based on the ERJ 135.
Harbin Embraer ERJ145 - joint venture with Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
The physical engines are the same (Rolls Royce Allison AE3007), however, the FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine/Electronic Control) logic is what differs between the various models in regards to total thrust capability.
The extended range version, the ERJ 145ER, has Rolls Royce AE 3007A engines rated at 31.3 kN(7036 lb) thrust, with the option of more powerful AE 3007A1 engines. A, A1, A1P models are mechanically identical but differ in thrust due to variations in FADEC software. The A1E engine, however, has not only new software, but significantly upgraded mechanical components.
The long-range ERJ 145LR aircraft is equipped with Rolls Royce AE 3007A1 engines which provide 15% more power. The engines are flat rated at 33.1 kN (7440 lb) thrust to provide improved climb characteristics and improved cruise performance in high ambient temperatures.
The extra-long-range ERJ 145XR aircraft is equipped with Rolls-Royce AE 3007A1E engines. The high performance engines provide lower specific fuel consumption (SFC) and improved performance in hot and high conditions. The engines also yield a higher altitude for one-engine-inoperable conditions."[1] ExpressJet is the sole operator of the ERJ 145XR. February 2011 Embraer presented its new EMB-145 AEW&C for India.

Luxair Embraer ERJ 135LR
Despite the multiple variants, pilots need only one type rating to fly any variant of the ERJ aircraft. Companies like American Eagle and ExpressJet Airlines utilize this benefit with their mixed fleet of ERJ135ER/LR and ERJ145EP/LR/XR. Shared type ratings allows operators to utilize a single pilot pool for any ERJ aircraft.
Military models
C-99A - Transport model
EMB 145SA (R-99A) - Airborne Early Warning model
EMB 145RS (R-99B) - Remote sensing model
EMB 145MP/ASW (P-99) - Maritime patrol model

The Embraer E-Jet family is a series of narrow-body, twin-engine, medium-range, jet airliners produced by Brazilian aerospace conglomerate, Embraer. Announced at the Paris Air Show in 1999, and entering production in 2002, the aircraft series has been a commercial success.[3] The aircraft is used by both mainline and regional airlines around the world. As of 31 December 2012, there is a backlog of 185 firm orders for the E-Jets, 580 options and 908 units delivered.

Design and development

The Embraer E-Jets line is composed of two main commercial families and a business jet variant. The smaller E-170 and E-175 make up the base model aircraft. The E-190 and E-195 are stretched versions, with different engines and larger wing, horizontal stabilizer and landing gear structures. The 170 and 175 share 95% commonality, as do the 190 and 195. The two families share near 89% commonality, with identical fuselage cross-sections and avionics, featuring the Honeywell Primus Epic EFIS suite.[4]
All E-Jets use four-abreast seating and have a "double-bubble" design, which Embraer developed for its commercial passenger jets, that provides stand-up headroom. Although commonly referred to with simply an "E" prefix, the jets are technically still Embraer Regional Jets ("ERJ"s), which still refers to the smaller Embraer ERJ range.[5] Embraer dropped the ERJ prefix in its advertising early in production. The E-190/195 series of aircraft have similar capacities to the initial versions of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Boeing 737, which have always been considered mainline airliners.


Interior of an Embraer E-170
The launch customers for the aircraft were the French airline Régional Compagnie Aérienne Européenne with ten orders and five options for the E-170; and the Swiss airline Crossair with an order for 30 E-170s and 30 E-190s.[6] The largest single order for any type of E-Jets has come from JetBlue with 100 orders for the E-190, and options for 100 more.[4] JetBlue set the record for the longest flight of the E-190 family on November 6, 2008, when one of its aircraft made a non-stop flight from Anchorage, Alaska (Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport) to Buffalo, New York (Buffalo Niagara International Airport), a total of 2,694 nmi (4,989 km). This was an empty aircraft on a non-revenue flight. The aircraft eventually returned to JFK after a two-month-long charter service with Vice Presidential candidate Sarah Palin.[7]
In November 2011, Embraer announced it would re-engine the E-Jet family and deliver the first example before 2018.[8] On January 8, 2013, Embraer announced its selection of Pratt & Whitney to provide exclusive power for the re-engined E-Jet family.[9][10]
In February 2012, Embraer announced they are studying the development of a new variant with 130 seating capacity.[11] The study is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.[12]

Variants
E-170 and 175
The E-170/E-175 models in the 80-seat range are the smaller in the E-Jet family. They are powered with General Electric CF34-8E engines of 14,200 pounds (62.28 kN) thrust each. The E-170 and E-175 directly compete with the Bombardier CRJ-700 and Bombardier CRJ-900, respectively, and loosely compete with the turboprop Bombardier Q400. They also seek to replace the market segment occupied by earlier competing designs such as the BAe 146 and Fokker 70.
The Embraer 170 was the first version produced. The prototype 170-001, registration PP-XJE, was rolled out on 29 October 2001, with first flight 119 days later on February 19. The aircraft was displayed to the public in May 2002 at the Regional Airline Association convention. After a positive response from the airline community, Embraer launched the E-175. First flight of the stretched E-175 was on June 2003.[13] Certification for the 170 took nearly 2 years after the public debut; delivery of the first E170 aircraft to the launch customer LOT Polish Airlines was in March 2004.[14] The launch U.S. customer For the EMB 170 was US Airways, after FAA certification, the aircraft entered into revenue service on April 4, 2004 operated by the MidAtlantic division of US Airways, Inc. The first E-175 was delivered to Air Canada and entered service in July 2005.[13] The 170-001 prototype performed its last flight on April 11, 2012. Its destiny was disassembly in the US for spare parts.

Type

70, 78, 98 and 108 seat regional airliner

History

The Embraer ERJ-170 and ERJ-190 series are all new entrants into the top end of the regional jet airliner market, with seating capacities spanning from 70 to 108.
Embraer announced the ERJ-170 and ERJ-190 in February 1999, and formally launched the program on June 14 that year at the Paris Airshow.
The first member of the family is the 70 seat Embraer 170, which rolled out on October 29 2001 (when the ERJ prefix was dropped for the marketing designation) and first flew on February 19 2002. Six aircraft were being used in the flight test program.
The public debut was at the Regional Airline Association convention at Nashville, Tennessee in May 2002, followed by its European debut at the Farnborough International Air Show in July the same year. The 170 was certificated in February 2004 and deliveries started in March 2004 to LOT Polish Airlines, US Airways and Alitalia Express.
Embraer is also building the Embraer 175, stretched by 1.77m (5ft 10in) over the Embraer 170. The first flight was made on June 14 2003.
The 6.25m (8ft 5in) stretched Embraer 190 seats 98 passengers, the further stretched Embraer 195, 2.41m (7ft 11in) longer than the 190, will seat 108. The Embraer 190 made the first flight in March 2004, followed by the 195 in December the same year.
All three variants are offered in standard and LR (long range) variants. A corporate jet version of the 170 is also proposed.
Features of the family include new FADEC equipped GE CF34 engines (the most powerful CF34 variants), a new four abreast "double bubble" fuselage cross section, a moderately swept wing with winglets (added to the design in mid 2000), fly-by-wire flight controls, and Honeywell Primus Epic EFIS avionics.
Although Embraer 170/175/190/195 are the marketing designations, the official type certificate designations remain ERJ prefixed as ERJ-170/175/190/195.

Powerplants

ERJ-170 - Two 62.3kN (14,000lb) General Electric CF34-8E turbofans.
ERJ-190 - Two 82.3kN (18,500lb) CF34-10Es.
Performance

ERJ-170 - Max cruising speed Mach 0.82 or 890km/h (481kt). Standard range with max passengers at long range cruising speed 3334km (1800nm), LR range at same conditions 3889km (2100nm).
ERJ-190 - Speed same. Standard range with max passengers at long range cruising speed 3334km (1800nm), LR range at same conditions 4260km (2300nm).
ERJ-195 - Speed same. Standard range with max passengers at long range cruising speed 2593km ((1400nm), LR range at same conditions 3334km (1800nm).
Weights

ERJ-170 - Basic operating 20,150kg (44,422lb), standard max takeoff 35,450kg (78,153lb), LR max takeoff 48,500kg (106,922lb).
ERJ-195 - Basic operating 27,100kg (59,744lb), standard max takeoff 46,990kg (103,593lb), LR max takeoff 48,990kg (108,003lb).
Dimensions

ERJ-170 - Wing span over winglets 26,00m (85ft 4in), length 29,90m (98ft 1in), height 9.67m (31ft 9in).
ERJ-190 - Wing span over winglets 28.72m (94ft 3in), length 36.24m (118ft 11in), height 10.28m (33ft 9in).
ERJ-195 - Same as ERJ-190 except length 38.65m (126ft 10in).
Capacity

Flightcrew of two.
ERJ-170 - Standard seating for 70 at four abreast.
ERJ-175 - Standard seating for 78.
ERJ-190 - Standard seating for 98.
ERJ-195 - Standard seating for 108.

Production
By early 2005, 62 ERJ-170s, 2 ERJ-175s, 4 ERJ-190s and 1 ERJ-195 had been built, with a further 108 ERJ-170s, 25 ERJ-175s, 156 ERJ-190s and 15 ERJ-195s on order

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