SUD AVIATION SE 210 CARAVELLE SHORT RANGE AIRLINNER:
The Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle was the first short/medium-range jet
airliner produced by the French Sud Aviation firm starting in 1955.
The Caravelle was one of the most successful European first generation
jetliners, selling throughout Europe and even penetrating the United
States market, with an order for 20 from United Airlines.The Caravelle
established the aft-mounted-engine, clean-wing design that has since
been used on a wide variety of aircraft.
HISTORY:
The Caravelle was the first jet airliner to enter production in
continental Europe and pioneered the rear mounted engine layout.
The Caravelle was designed in response to a French Secretariat General
of Commercial and Civil Aviation requirement for a 1600 to 2000km
range airliner (allowing operations between France and its North
African dependents) with a 6000 to 7000kg, payload requirement at a
speed of 620km/h. SNCASE (Societe Nationale de Constructions
Aeronautiques de Sud-Est, later Sud Aviation, and subsequently merged
into Aerospatiale), responded with a trijet design designated the
X120, with three rear mounted SNECMA Atar turbojets. This design then
matured to feature two rear mounted Rolls-Royce Avons.
The French government ordered two flying and two static prototypes of
the twinjet in 1953, resulting in the type's first flight on May 27
1955. Entry into service of the SE-210 Caravelle I with Air France was
on May 12 1959 on the Paris/Rome/Istanbul route.
The Caravelle III featured 50.7kN Avon RA.29 Mk527s one Caravelle III
was powered by General Electric CJ805-23C turbofans, but production
never eventually. The 54.3kN Avon RA.29 Mk531 powered VI-N and the
VI-R with a modified windscreen and thrust reversers followed.
The Caravelle 10B introduced more fuel efficient Pratt & Whitney JT8D
turbofans, while the 11R was a convertible passenger/freighter based
on the 10. The ultimate Caravelle model was the 3.20m stretched
Caravelle. It could seat up to 128 single class passengers.
POWERPALNT:
Caravelle 10B - Two 64.4kN Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9 turbofans.
Earlier Caravelle versions were powered by two 48.9 to 56.0kN thrust
class Rolls-Royce RA.29 Avon turbojets.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT:
On 12 October 1951 the Committé du Matérial Civil published a
specification for a medium range aircraft, which was later sent to the
industry by the Direction Technique et Industrielle.This called for an
aircraft carrying 55 to 65 passengers and 1,000 kg of cargo on routes
up to 2,000 km with a cruise speed about 600 km/h. The type and number
of engines was not specified. Various design studies for aircraft in
this category had been underway since 1946 by several of the leading
French aircraft manufacturing organisations, but none had the
financial power to start construction.After studying the various
entries, the Comité du Matériel Civil cut the list to three entrants
on 28 March 1952: the four-engined Avon/Marbore S.0.60, the twin-Avon
Hurel-Dubois project, and the three-Avon Sud-Est X-210. At this point
Rolls-Royce started offering a new version of the Avon that could
develop 9,000 lbf (40 kN) thrust, making the auxiliary engines on the
S.O.60 and the third engine on the X-210 unnecessary.
The first prototype of the Caravelle, christened by
Madame de Gaulle, was rolled out on 21 April 1955, and flew on 27 May
powered by two British Rolls-Royce RA-26 Mk.522 with 4,536 kgf of
unitary thrust. The crew was composed by Pierre Nadot, André Moynot,
Jean Avril, André Préneron and Roger Beteille. The flight duration was
41 minutes. The second prototype flew a year later on 6 May 1956. The
first prototype had a cargo door on the lower left side of the
fuselage, but this was removed in the second prototype for an
all-seating arrangement. The first order was from Air France in 1956,
followed by SAS in 1957. That year Sud-Est merged with Sud-Ouest to
become Sud Aviation, but the original SE naming was retained. More
orders followed, mainly triggered by presentations on airshows and
demonstrations to potential customers. The Caravelle was certified in
May 1959 and shortly afterwards entered service with SAS and Air
France.Several models were produced over the lifetime of the
production run, as the power of the available engines grew and allowed
for higher takeoff weights. By this time most of Sud Aviation's design
department turned to a supersonic transport of the same general size
and range as the Caravelle, naturally naming it the Super-Caravelle;
however, this work would later be merged with similar work at the
Bristol Aeroplane Company to produce the Concorde. In some
configurations, aircraft had a number of rearward-facing passenger
seats, an uncommon seating arrangement for civil aircraft.
In total, 282 Caravelles of all types were built, with Sud Aviation's
break-even point at around the 200 mark.
GENERAL CHARACTERSITICS:
Crew: 3
Capacity: 80
Payload: 8.4 t (9.3 short tons)
Length: 31.01 m (101.7 ft)
Wingspan: 34.3 m (112 ft 6 in)
Height: 8.72 m (28.61 ft)
Wing area: 146.7 m² (1,579 sq ft)
Airfoil: Swept wing at 1/4 of the chord line: 20°
Empty weight: 22.2 t (24.5 sT)
Max. takeoff weight: 46 t (50.7 sT)
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.527 turbojet, 50.7 kN (11,400 lbf) each
PERFORMANCE:
Maximum speed: 805 km/h (500 mph/435 knots)
Range: 1,700 km (920 nmi/1,060 mi)
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
DIMENSIONS:
Caravelle 10B - Wing span 34.30m, length 33.01m, height 8.72m. Wing
area 146.7m2.
Caravelle Mks I, IA, III and VI same except for length 32.01m.
Caravelle 12 featured 3.21m fuselage stretch over the Caravelle 10.
CAPACITY:
Caravelle 10 - Flightcrew of two pilots and one flight engineer. Max
passengers 100 at five abreast in a high density layout. Typical
accommodation for 91 passengers in a mixed class arrangement. Maximum
payload 9100kg .
PRODUCTION:
282 production Caravelles built between 1958 and 1972. 8 remained in
commercial service in late 2002.
Regards,
Er Ayushi Saxena [ B E ]
Webmaster
www.AeroSoftCorp.com
www.AeroSoft.in
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The Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle was the first short/medium-range jet
airliner produced by the French Sud Aviation firm starting in 1955.
The Caravelle was one of the most successful European first generation
jetliners, selling throughout Europe and even penetrating the United
States market, with an order for 20 from United Airlines.The Caravelle
established the aft-mounted-engine, clean-wing design that has since
been used on a wide variety of aircraft.
HISTORY:
The Caravelle was the first jet airliner to enter production in
continental Europe and pioneered the rear mounted engine layout.
The Caravelle was designed in response to a French Secretariat General
of Commercial and Civil Aviation requirement for a 1600 to 2000km
range airliner (allowing operations between France and its North
African dependents) with a 6000 to 7000kg, payload requirement at a
speed of 620km/h. SNCASE (Societe Nationale de Constructions
Aeronautiques de Sud-Est, later Sud Aviation, and subsequently merged
into Aerospatiale), responded with a trijet design designated the
X120, with three rear mounted SNECMA Atar turbojets. This design then
matured to feature two rear mounted Rolls-Royce Avons.
The French government ordered two flying and two static prototypes of
the twinjet in 1953, resulting in the type's first flight on May 27
1955. Entry into service of the SE-210 Caravelle I with Air France was
on May 12 1959 on the Paris/Rome/Istanbul route.
The Caravelle III featured 50.7kN Avon RA.29 Mk527s one Caravelle III
was powered by General Electric CJ805-23C turbofans, but production
never eventually. The 54.3kN Avon RA.29 Mk531 powered VI-N and the
VI-R with a modified windscreen and thrust reversers followed.
The Caravelle 10B introduced more fuel efficient Pratt & Whitney JT8D
turbofans, while the 11R was a convertible passenger/freighter based
on the 10. The ultimate Caravelle model was the 3.20m stretched
Caravelle. It could seat up to 128 single class passengers.
POWERPALNT:
Caravelle 10B - Two 64.4kN Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9 turbofans.
Earlier Caravelle versions were powered by two 48.9 to 56.0kN thrust
class Rolls-Royce RA.29 Avon turbojets.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT:
On 12 October 1951 the Committé du Matérial Civil published a
specification for a medium range aircraft, which was later sent to the
industry by the Direction Technique et Industrielle.This called for an
aircraft carrying 55 to 65 passengers and 1,000 kg of cargo on routes
up to 2,000 km with a cruise speed about 600 km/h. The type and number
of engines was not specified. Various design studies for aircraft in
this category had been underway since 1946 by several of the leading
French aircraft manufacturing organisations, but none had the
financial power to start construction.After studying the various
entries, the Comité du Matériel Civil cut the list to three entrants
on 28 March 1952: the four-engined Avon/Marbore S.0.60, the twin-Avon
Hurel-Dubois project, and the three-Avon Sud-Est X-210. At this point
Rolls-Royce started offering a new version of the Avon that could
develop 9,000 lbf (40 kN) thrust, making the auxiliary engines on the
S.O.60 and the third engine on the X-210 unnecessary.
The first prototype of the Caravelle, christened by
Madame de Gaulle, was rolled out on 21 April 1955, and flew on 27 May
powered by two British Rolls-Royce RA-26 Mk.522 with 4,536 kgf of
unitary thrust. The crew was composed by Pierre Nadot, André Moynot,
Jean Avril, André Préneron and Roger Beteille. The flight duration was
41 minutes. The second prototype flew a year later on 6 May 1956. The
first prototype had a cargo door on the lower left side of the
fuselage, but this was removed in the second prototype for an
all-seating arrangement. The first order was from Air France in 1956,
followed by SAS in 1957. That year Sud-Est merged with Sud-Ouest to
become Sud Aviation, but the original SE naming was retained. More
orders followed, mainly triggered by presentations on airshows and
demonstrations to potential customers. The Caravelle was certified in
May 1959 and shortly afterwards entered service with SAS and Air
France.Several models were produced over the lifetime of the
production run, as the power of the available engines grew and allowed
for higher takeoff weights. By this time most of Sud Aviation's design
department turned to a supersonic transport of the same general size
and range as the Caravelle, naturally naming it the Super-Caravelle;
however, this work would later be merged with similar work at the
Bristol Aeroplane Company to produce the Concorde. In some
configurations, aircraft had a number of rearward-facing passenger
seats, an uncommon seating arrangement for civil aircraft.
In total, 282 Caravelles of all types were built, with Sud Aviation's
break-even point at around the 200 mark.
GENERAL CHARACTERSITICS:
Crew: 3
Capacity: 80
Payload: 8.4 t (9.3 short tons)
Length: 31.01 m (101.7 ft)
Wingspan: 34.3 m (112 ft 6 in)
Height: 8.72 m (28.61 ft)
Wing area: 146.7 m² (1,579 sq ft)
Airfoil: Swept wing at 1/4 of the chord line: 20°
Empty weight: 22.2 t (24.5 sT)
Max. takeoff weight: 46 t (50.7 sT)
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.527 turbojet, 50.7 kN (11,400 lbf) each
PERFORMANCE:
Maximum speed: 805 km/h (500 mph/435 knots)
Range: 1,700 km (920 nmi/1,060 mi)
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
DIMENSIONS:
Caravelle 10B - Wing span 34.30m, length 33.01m, height 8.72m. Wing
area 146.7m2.
Caravelle Mks I, IA, III and VI same except for length 32.01m.
Caravelle 12 featured 3.21m fuselage stretch over the Caravelle 10.
CAPACITY:
Caravelle 10 - Flightcrew of two pilots and one flight engineer. Max
passengers 100 at five abreast in a high density layout. Typical
accommodation for 91 passengers in a mixed class arrangement. Maximum
payload 9100kg .
PRODUCTION:
282 production Caravelles built between 1958 and 1972. 8 remained in
commercial service in late 2002.
Regards,
Er Ayushi Saxena [ B E ]
Webmaster
www.AeroSoftCorp.com
www.AeroSoft.in
www.AeroSoft.co.in
www.AeroSoftseo.com
On Line Assistence :
Gtalk : Ayushi1.aeroSoft@gmail.com
Y! Messenger : Ayushi1.aeroSoft@yahoo.com
Rediff Bol : Ayushi1.aeroSoft@rediffmail.
MSN : Ayushi1.aeroSoft@hotmail.com
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