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Monday, 26 August 2013

The Tupolev Tu-134



Country of origin      
Russia Type      
Short range airliner

Tupolev Tu-134 - Definition
An Tu-134 sits on the tarmac
Enlarge
An Aeroflot Tu-134 sits on the tarmac


The Tupolev Tu-134 was a Russian twin-engined airliner, similar to the American Douglas DC-9.

One of the most used aircraft in the former Warsaw Pact countries, the number in active service is lowering because 
of noise restrictions.

The Tu-134 was meant as a replacement of the Tu-124, which didn't fulfill the role it was intended for. Seating 70-80
 passengers with a range of about 2400km it was the short-range mainstay of Aeroflot.

It would be the last Tupolev passenger aircraft with a glass nose, and the later B variant had the radar (which was chin
-mounted on the A models) in the nose. Compared to Western short-ranged jet airliners, the Tu-134 had a much sharper
 sweepback angle (35 degrees, while most Western short-haulers had sweepbacks between 25 and 28 degrees). 
Like many other Tupolev aircraft, the aircraft was fitted with a hefty low-pressure landing gear, retracting into nacelles 
extending from the trailing edges of the wings. This allows the aircraft to operate from unpaved airstrips.

Production variants

All A variants have been built with the distinct glass nose, but some are modified to the B standard (closed nose):

    Tu-134, glass nosed version, first series seating 70
    Tu-134A, second series, seating 80
    Tu-134A-3, second series, with uprated engines
    Tu-134B, second series, 80 seats and closed nose
    Tu-134B-3, second series, closed nose and uprated engines. 

Some of the B models have long-range tanks fitted under the fuselage; these are visible as a prolific bulge


History

-----------      

For many years the Tupolev Tu-134 was the standard short haul jet airliner in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe.

The Tupolev design bureau was responsible for the Soviet Union's first jet powered airliner, the Tu-104 (which was 
based on the Tu-16 `Badger' bomber), and the Tu-104's smaller brother the Tu-124. Both of these short range jetliners
 suffered from a number of performance shortfalls however, 
thus prompting development of the Tu-134.

The initial Tu-134 design was based fairly closely on the Tu-124, and for a time was designated the Tu-124A. 
However Tupolev decided to reconfigure the aircraft to feature rear fuselage mounted engines and a Ttail, resulting in 
the new designation.

Six development Tu-134s were built, with the first flying during 1962. Production began in 1964 although it was not 
until September 1967 that Aeroflot launched full commercial services.

Initial production was of the standard fuselage length Tu-134, while the stretched Tu-134A entered Aeroflot service in 
the second half of 1970. Seating up to 76 in a single class, the Tu-134A differed from the Tu-134 in having a 2.10m 
(6ft 11in) fuselage stretch, a reprofiled nose, more powerful D30 engines and an APU.

Other versions are the Tu-134B with a forward facing position for the third crew member between and behind the 
pilots, the Tu-134B1 which has a revised interior to seat up to 90 passengers without a galley, and the Tu-134B3
 which can seat 96 with full galley and toilet facilities retained. 


Powerplants      
Tu-134 - Two 64.5kN (14,490lb) Soloviev D30 turbofans. Tu-134A - Two 66.7kN (14,990lb) Soloviev D30 Series
 IIs.

Performance      
Tu-134 - Max cruising speed 900km/h (485kt), economical cruising speed 750km/h (405kt). Normal operating ceiling
 39,730ft. Range with 7000kg (15,420lb) payload and reserves 2400km (1295nm), with 3000kg (6600lb) payload 
3500km (1890nm). Tu-134A - Max cruising speed 900km/h (485kt), economical cruising speed 750km/h (405kt).
 Range with 5000kg (11,025lb) payload and reserves 3020km (1630nm).

Weights      
Tu-134 - Operating empty 27,500kg (60,627lb), max takeoff 44,500kg (98,105lb). Tu-134A - Operating empty 
29,050kg (64,045lb), max takeoff 47,000kg (103,600lb).

Dimensions      
Tu-134 - Wing span 29.00m (95ft 2in), length 34.35m (112ft 8in), height 9.02m (29ft 7in). Wing area 127.3m2 
(1370.3sq ft). Tu-134A - Same except length 37.05m (121ft 7in), height 9.14m (30ft 0in).

Capacity      
Flightcrew of three, comprising two pilots and a navigator. Tu-134 seats 72 in a single class. Tu-134A seats up to
 84 passengers in a single class at four abreast, or 12 first class and 54 economy class at four abreast in a two class
 arrangement. Tu-134B3 can seat up to 96 in a single class.

Production      
Production estimated at over 700, most for Aeroflot, but approximately 170 exported to various east European 
airlines and other Soviet client states. Approx 365 were in service in late 1998.


Tu-134
-----------
Airliner
------------
The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engined short- to medium-range narrowbody jet airliner with a capacity of maximum 95 passengers developed by the Soviet Design Bureau OKB Tupolev.
Crew    3-4
Passengers    95
 
Propulsion    2 Turbofan Engines
Engine Model    Solowjew / Soloviev D-30-II
Engine Power (each)    30,3 kN    6812 lbf
 
Speed    885 km/h    478 kts
  550 mph
Service Ceiling    11.890 m    39.009 ft
Range    1.891 km    1.021 NM
1.175 mi.
 
Empty Weight    29.050 kg    64.044 lbs
max. Takeoff Weight    47.000 kg    103.617 lbs
 
Wing Span    29,00 m    95,1 ft
Wing Area    127,3 m²    1370 ft²
Length    37,05 m    121,6 ft
Height    9,14 m    30,0 ft
 
First Flight    1963
Production Status    out of production
Total Production    ca. 700
 
ICAO Code    T134
NATO Code    Crusty
 
Data for (Version)    Tupolev / Tupolew Tu-134A

Remarks
The Tu-134 is a development of the Tupolev Tu-124. 



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