SU-31 SINGLE and TWO SEAT AEROBATIC LIGHT AIRCRAFT:
TYPE:
Single and Two Seat Aerobatic Light Aircraft
HISTORY:
Sukhoi's highly regarded aerobatic aircraft have won numerous international aerobatic events.
Sukhoi is perhaps better known as one of the two preeminent Russian high performance combat aircraft designers, but it turned its attention to design and flying a single seat aircraft for unlimited aerobatics competitions in the early 1980s. The prototype of the single seat Su26, the originator of the series, flew for the first time in June 1984, and remarkably competed in the World Aerobatic Championships held in Hungary only two months later.
Features introduced on the initial Su26 include the Vedneyev, now VOKBM, M14 nine cylinder piston radial engine, which is highly regarded for its simplicity, power to weight ratio, fuel economy and low oil consumption. The airframe itself is extremely strong, capable of withstanding +11 and 9g, while the wing's aerofoil section is symmetrical and attached to the airframe at zero incidence and dihedral for similar positive and negative angle of attack flight characteristics.
Modifications to the Su26 including a squared off vertical tail and less glass led to the Su26M, which participated in the 1986 World Aerobatic Championships in the UK. The Su26MX is an export version. The success of the Su26 led Sukhoi to design a two seat, dual control development, the Su29, which first flew during 1991. Differences include the second seat, greater span wing and increased length. The Su-29M has lightweight ejection seats.
The ultimate development is the Su31, which first flew in June 1992 as the Su29T. The Su31 is a single seater based on the Su29 but with a more powerful engine. The basic version is the Su31T, the Su-31X is for export and the Su31U has retractable undercarriage. Production began in 1994.
The main features of the new aeroplane were:
high power-to-weight ratio achieved through a rugged design, the weight of the airframe being kept down to a minimum;
special aerodynamic symmetric-profile wing configuration to enable superior piloting performance;
a robust airframe structure capable of sustaining +12/-10 G loads;
extensive use of composite materials in the design;
ergonomic cockpit configuration.
The design work involved revision of the existing strength standards for highly-manoeuvrable aerobatic sports aircraft to support a new level of pilot performance and to confirm, using unbiased monitoring systems, that the pilot can safely perform an entire range of aerial stunts under forward acceleration up to +12g. The design of the new plane incorporated the requests and comments of sports pilots from the USSR national team, as well as modern trends in the development of aerobatics. As a result, the design was based on new guidelines for developing a highly-manoeuvrable aerobatic Aeroplane.
The Su-31 differed from its predecessor in more extensive use of composite materials, whose share in the airframe design was 65%, which made it possible to achieve a dramatic reduction in weight while keeping the strength and durability of the structure. The pilot obtained a more congenial cockpit environment. Fitted with a boosted M-14PF engine, the Su-31's thrust-to-weight ratio reached unity. This meant that the Su-31 gave the pilot an option to perform “helicopter-like" manoeuvres.
The Su-31 has been in series production since 1994.
In 1992, at the World Championships in aerobatics, which took place in France, pilot Yurgis Kairis won bronze; in the autumn, at the air show in Farnborough, he took the Su-31 to heights of breathtaking aerobatics that had never before been possible for any pilot of a sports aeroplane.
The export version, theSu-31Kh, differs from the Su-31 in that it has additional fuel tanks installed in the wing to increase its ferry range. The 16 Su-31Kh aeroplanes produced were delivered to users in the USA, UK, Spain, Australia, Italy and elsewhere.
The Sukhoi aerobatic aircraft has emerged as a family of superior aerobatic aeroplanes, allowing pilots to use them for training and world class aerobatics competitions and exhibition shows. Since 1996, a majority of international contestants have been entering competitions with Sukhoi aeroplanes.
POWERPLANT:
Su29 - One 265kW VOKBM M-14PT nine cylinder radial piston engine driving a constant speed three blade propeller. Su31T - One 295kW M14PF driving a three blade constant speed prop.
PERFORMANCE:
Su29 - Max speed 325km/h. Initial rate of climb 3150ft/min. Service ceiling 13,120ft. Range with max fuel 1200km. Su31T - Max speed 330km/h. Initial rate of climb 4725ft/min. Service ceiling 13,125ft. Range with internal fuel 290km, max ferry range up to 1200km.
WEIGHT:
Su29 - Empty 735kg, MTOW 1204kg. Su31T - Empty equipped 670kg, MTOW 968kg.
DIMENSIONS:
Su26M - Wing span 8.20m, length 7.29m, height 2.89m, Wing area 12.2m2, Su31T - Wing span 7.80m , length 6.90m, height 2.76m, Wing area 11.8m2.
CAPACITY:
Accommodation for pilot only in Su26, Su26M, Su31T and Su31U. Seating for two in tandem in Su29.
PRODUCTION:
Production includes approximately 60 Su29s, 70 Su26s and 25 Su-31s.
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